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The Master ISA Encoding Appendix

This is the byte-level opcode-encoding lookup for the Vision-Q7 Cairo (ncore2gp) FLIX/VLIW ISA — the master synthesis of the per-slot mnemonic sweep and the per-instruction reference. It is the reference an implementer keeps open while writing an assembler: for any of the 1534 shipped mnemonics it gives the encoding row — format · slot · unit · iclass · opcode-selector CONST · template immediate — plus the 14-format / 46-slot / 7-length framing tables and the encode-thunk ABI (C7 07 imm32 [C7 47 04 imm32] C3) the per-instruction batches (B01–B30) expand from.

This page is a consolidation, not a re-derivation: it owns the lookup matrix and the framing tables; the deep mechanism lives in its four sources, which it cross-links and stays numerically consistent with:

The byte-level row expansions live in the per-instruction reference (template & partition, then b01-vec-alu-int.mdb30-appendix-p.md); this appendix is the lookup those batches compress.

Everything below is read directly out of the shipped Tensilica libisa config library libisa-core.so (ncore2gp/config/, sha256 8fe68bf4…f143e451, 9 690 712 bytes, ELF64 x86-64, not stripped, 45 058 symbols), re-grounded against the binary this pass via nm, objdump -d, readelf -SW, and a direct byte-parse of opcodes[]/opcodedefs[]never a decompile grep. The value side is libfiss-base.so (sha256 260b110c…, 12 330 016 B). The device-native xtensa-elf-objdump/xtensa-elf-as (XTENSA_CORE=ncore2gp) serve as an independent encode/decode oracle.

Confidence tags follow the Confidence & Walls Model: OBSERVED = a byte/immediate/symbol read from the shipped binary (or computed by executing the shipped simulator); INFERRED = reasoned over OBSERVED facts; CARRIED = re-used at a cited report's confidence; crossed with HIGH/MED/LOW. Callouts: QUIRK (counter-intuitive but real), GOTCHA (a reimplementation trap), CORRECTION (overturns a naive reading), NOTE (orienting context).

GOTCHA — every count on this page is grounded in a num_* getter immediate or an nm | rg -c symbol-family population, never a decompile grep. Counting the Opcode_*/Field_*/Slot_* families in the IDA/Hex-Rays decompile inflates 2–12× (one thunk is referenced from many call sites and counted once per reference). The binary .symtab is the arbiter. Where this page states a count, the witness is named in the row.

GOTCHA — .data.rel.ro / .data VMA↔file delta is 0x200000 for this binary; .text / .rodata are VMA == file-offset. The encode/field/slot thunks live in .text (0x312c10, delta 0) and resolve direct; the tables (opcodes @ 0x6ce6c0, opcodedefs @ 0x6e9640) live in .data.rel.ro (VMA 0x67bb00 → file 0x47bb00). Do not carry over libtpu.so's 0x400000 .data delta — that is a different binary (readelf -SW, re-read this pass: .text 0x312c10/0x312c10; .rodata 0x3b6e40/0x3b6e40; .data.rel.ro 0x67bb00/0x47bb00; .data 0x764040/0x564040). libisa-core.so is in extracted/ (gitignored; reach with an absolute path or fd --no-ignore).


1. The encoding-key facts in one block

Every dimension this appendix indexes, with its binary witness — re-read this pass.

DimensionValueBinary witness (this pass)Tag
Config / uarchXm_ncore2gp / Cairo, Xtensa24/XEA3, NX1.1.4config_table @ 0x85ea40 (.data)[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Shipped mnemonics1534num_opcodes @ 0x3b61d0 = mov $0x5fe (=1534); nm | rg -o 'Opcode_(.+)_Slot_…_encode' | sort -u | wc -l = 1534[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Shipped placements (mnem × slot)12569num_encode_fns @ 0x3b6130 = mov $0x3119 (=12569); nm | rg -c 'Opcode_.*_Slot_.*_encode' = 12569; per-slot census sums to 12569 (§4)[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Pre-fold mnemonics / placements (TIE-DB)1607 / 126421534 + 73, 12569 + 73; fold forms absent from roster (§5)[HIGH/CARRIED] on totals, [HIGH/OBSERVED] on +73
num_formats14 (0x0E)num_formats @ 0x3b65e0mov $0xe[HIGH/OBSERVED]
num_slots = num_decode_fns46 (0x2E)num_slots @ 0x3b6510; num_decode_fns @ 0x3b64c0mov $0x2e[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Distinct byte-lengths4 = {2, 3, 8, 16}formats[].length census[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Length-class outcomes7length_table[256] value census {3:128,2:96,16:22,8:8,−1:2}[HIGH/OBSERVED]
num_iclasses1447 (0x5A7)num_iclasses @ 0x3b5fb0mov $0x5a7[HIGH/OBSERVED]
num_operands232 (0xE8)num_operands @ 0x3b5e80mov $0xe8[HIGH/OBSERVED]
num_fields3237 (0xCA5)num_fields @ 0x3b5b40mov $0xca5; 3230 named Field_* pairs[HIGH/OBSERVED]
num_regfiles / views8 / 4num_regfiles @ 0x3b5c20; num_regfile_views @ 0x3b5d50[HIGH/OBSERVED]
OperandSem_*_decode (value transforms)95nm | rg -c 'OperandSem_.*_decode' = 95[HIGH/OBSERVED]
Scalar / vector name split469 / 1065rg -v '^ivp_' = 469, rg '^ivp_' = 1065 over the roster, sum 1534[HIGH/OBSERVED]
interface_version0x76 = 118interface_version @ 0x3b5b20[HIGH/OBSERVED]

CORRECTION — num_operands is 232, not the Cadence enum's 1517. The Cadence xtensa-modules.c OPERAND_* enum is 1517 (it enumerates implicit/state operands too); the shipped binary's operands[] table is 232 codec operands. Pin 232 for the binary; 1517 is [HIGH/CARRIED] and never indexes anything in this .so. Likewise num_operandsnum_fields (232 vs 3237): a field is a per-(name × slot) bit-window, an operand is a per-codec value↔field tuple; the 3237 fields recur the same logical field once per slot.


2. The format / slot / length framing tables

These three tables are the framing an encoder lays before it deposits any opcode-selector bits. They are reproduced verbatim from the FLIX encoding page and reconciled to it cell-for-cell; the mechanism (the format_decoder mask ladder, the length_table index math) lives there and is not duplicated here.

2.1 The 14 formats (formats[] @ 0x6cd980, stride 24)

{ char *name; int length; void(*encode)(uint32_t*) }. op0 = byte0[3:0]; b3lo = byte3[3:0]; the signature is the first 4 template bytes the Format_<F>_encode stub lays.

idxnamelen#slotsissue profile (S0…Sn)widthop0b3losignature (b0..b3)encode_fn
0x2431Inst (base RRR 24-bit)scalar0–7any0f-rule n/a0x3b57c0
1x16a21Inst16a (density)scalar8–Bany0x3b57d0
2x16b21Inst16b (density)scalarC–Dany0x3b57f0
3F0164LdSt · Ld · Mul · ALUwideF1,50f 00 00 010x3b5810
4F11165Ld · ALU · Mul · ALU · ALUwideE8–F0e 00 00 080x3b5830
5F1164LdStALU · Ld · Mul · ALUwideF3,B0f 00 00 030x3b5850
6F2164LdSt · Ld · Mul · ALUwideF3,B0f 00 00 330x3b5870
7F3165LdSt · Ld · Mul · ALU · ALUwideE0–70e 00 00 000x3b5890
8F4164Ld · Ld · Mul · ALU (dual-load)wideF9,D0f 00 00 090x3b58b0
9F6164LdSt · Ld · Mul · ALUwideF3,B0f 00 00 230x3b58d0
10F7164LdSt · Ld · Mul · ALUwideF3,B0f 00 00 130x3b58f0
11N183LdSt · None · MulnarrowF8,A,C,E0f 00 00 080x3b5910
12N282LdSt · LdnarrowF8,A,C,E0f 00 00 180x3b5930
13N084LdSt · None · None · ALUnarrowF0,2,4,60f 00 00 000x3b5950

Slot-count census: 1+1+1+4+5+4+4+5+4+4+4+3+2+4 = 46 = num_slots. There is no F5/F8/F9/F10. The two 5-slot formats are F3 (idx 7) and F11 (idx 4). F4 (dual-Ld) and F11 carry no dedicated store slot.

GOTCHA — drive everything off the format name, not its table index. In formats[], idx 4 = F11, idx 7 = F3, idx 11/12/13 = N1/N2/N0 (N0 is last). The Fn numbering has real gaps and the index order is not the name order.

2.2 The length classes (length_table[256] @ 0x3d4100, .rodata, VMA==file)

length_decoder forms idx = ((byte3 << 4) & 0xFF) | (byte0 & 0xF) and indexes the 256-entry int32 table. Only the op0 == 0xF column varies with b3lo:

b3loop00–78–BC–DEF
even (0,2,4,6,8,a,c,e)322168 (narrow N0/N1/N2)
odd (1,3,5,9,b,d)3221616 (wide F0/F1/F2/F4/F6/F7)
7, f32216−1 (illegal)

256-cell value census {3:128, 2:96, 16:22, 8:8, −1:2}7 distinct outcome classes, but only 4 distinct byte-sizes {2,3,8,16} a sweep pointer ever advances by (the −1 is a hard illegal, not a size). [HIGH/OBSERVED]

CORRECTION — the static XCHAL_BYTE0_FORMAT_LENGTHS macro flattens op0==0xF to a constant 8 and will desync you. The shipped runtime length_decoder also reads byte3.low4, so a real op0==0xF word decodes to 8, 16, or illegal. The binary length_table is authoritative.

2.3 The 46-slot roster (slots[] @ 0x6cdb00, stride 48)

{ char *name; char *format; char *nop; int position; void(*get); void(*set) }. bitoff = the slot field's start bit; width = decoded slot-word bit-length ([MED/INFERRED], machine-code-emulated, ±1–2 bits on scattered slots); pos = sequential issue index; get from slots[i]. All 46 names/positions/get-addresses/<bitoff> tokens re-read from slots[] + the Slot_*_get symtab this pass; every cell agrees.

#slotfmtunitposbitoffwidthget_fn
0Instx24whole00240x3b0450
1Inst16ax16awhole00160x3b04b0
2Inst16bx16bwhole00160x3b0500
3F0_S0_LdStF0ldst04320x3b0550
4F0_S1_LdF0ld116260x3b0880
5F0_S2_MulF0mul228280x3b0a10
6F0_S3_ALUF0alu336320x3b0c70
7F11_S0_LdF11ld04300x3b0ee0
8F11_S1_ALUF11alu116210x3b10c0
9F11_S2_MulF11mul241220x3b1220
10F11_S3_ALUF11alu331250x3b13e0
11F11_S4_ALUF11alu424240x3b15e0
12F1_S0_LdStALUF1ldstalu04320x3b17e0
13F1_S1_LdF1ld116260x3b19f0
14F1_S2_MulF1mul241290x3b1ba0
15F1_S3_ALUF1alu331320x3b1dd0
16F2_S0_LdStF2ldst04320x3b1fd0
17F2_S1_LdF2ld116250x3b2250
18F2_S2_MulF2mul227300x3b2400
19F2_S3_ALUF2alu331310x3b2680
20F3_S0_LdStF3ldst04290x3b28e0
21F3_S1_LdF3ld116220x3b2a60
22F3_S2_MulF3mul228220x3b2b90
23F3_S3_ALUF3alu333260x3b2d20
24F3_S4_ALUF3alu424240x3b2f90
25F4_S0_LdF4ld04310x3b3170
26F4_S1_LdF4ld116240x3b32f0
27F4_S2_MulF4mul228320x3b34a0
28F4_S3_ALUF4alu336320x3b36b0
29F6_S0_LdStF6ldst04320x3b38c0
30F6_S1_LdF6ld116260x3b3c40
31F6_S2_MulF6mul241260x3b3e70
32F6_S3_ALUF6alu336320x3b40d0
33F7_S0_LdStF7ldst04320x3b4340
34F7_S1_LdF7ld116250x3b45d0
35F7_S2_MulF7mul241290x3b4780
36F7_S3_ALUF7alu331320x3b49c0
37N1_S0_LdStN1ldst04260x3b4c30
38N1_S1_NoneN1none15430x3b4db0
39N1_S2_MulN1mul216280x3b4e70
40N2_S0_LdStN2ldst04320x3b5090
41N2_S1_LdN2ld116250x3b5250
42N0_S0_LdStN0ldst04240x3b5400
43N0_S1_NoneN0none15810x3b5530
44N0_S2_NoneN0none25910x3b55b0
45N0_S3_ALUN0alu316320x3b5610

Functional-unit vocabulary: whole (the whole base/density instruction — x24/x16a/x16b s0); ldst (combined load/store); ldstalu (load/store + ALU fused — F1 s0 only); ld (load-only); mul (multiply); alu (arithmetic/logic); none (NOP-only placeholder, 1–3 bit).

GOTCHA — three slot rules a reimplementer must internalize. (1) bitoff ≠ slots[].positionposition is the sequential issue index 0..N-1; the real bundle offset lives in the get-thunk's <bitoff> token / scatter body. (2) width ≠ next_offset − offset — above its low byte each slot scatters into high bits, so the gather body is authoritative. (3) Issue order is not bit order — e.g. F3's S4 ALU sits at bit 24, before S2 Mul (28) and S3 ALU (33). Every s0 starts at bit 4 because bits [3:0] are always the op0 selector.


3. The encode-thunk ABI — C7 07 imm32 [C7 47 04 imm32] C3

Every Opcode_<mnem>_Slot_<slot>_encode is a tiny .text stub of one fixed shape (.text is VMA == file offset; read the bytes directly). It writes only the fixed opcode-selector bits of that (mnemonic, slot) into the slot's normalized 32-bit word(s); operand fields are deposited separately by the field/operand codec layers.

3.1 The byte sequence, decoded

  C7 07 <imm32>             [ C7 47 04 <imm32> ]            C3
  └────────┬───────┘          └───────┬───────┘             │
  movl $TEMPLATE,(%rdi)        movl $WORD1,0x4(%rdi)        ret

Decoded byte by byte — the symbol named is the real opcodedefs[i].encode_fn:

// Opcode_<mnem>_Slot_<slot>_encode(uint32_t *slotword /* rdi */)
//
//  C7 07 <imm32>      opcode C7 = MOV r/m32, imm32 ; ModR/M 07 = [rdi], imm32 = WORD0_TEMPLATE
//                     => *(uint32_t*)(rdi + 0) = WORD0_TEMPLATE;   // the (mnem,slot) selector
//
//  [ C7 47 04 <imm32> ]   ModR/M 47 04 = [rdi + 0x04], imm32 = WORD1   (WIDE/2-lane slots only)
//                     => *(uint32_t*)(rdi + 4) = WORD1;          // WORD1 == 0x00000000 invariant
//
//  C3                 RET
void Opcode_<mnem>_Slot_<slot>_encode(uint32_t *slotword) {
    slotword[0] = WORD0_TEMPLATE;            // C7 07 imm32   (always present)
    /* wide FLIX slot only: */ slotword[1] = WORD1;  // C7 47 04 imm32   (clears the 2nd lane)
    return;                                  // C3
}
  • C7 07 is x86 MOV [rdi], imm3207 is the ModR/M byte selecting [rdi] with an imm32 source. The four imm32 bytes (little-endian) are WORD0_TEMPLATE, the opcode-selector for this exact (mnemonic × slot). Operand fields are zero in the template.
  • The optional C7 47 04 imm32 is MOV [rdi+0x04], imm3247 selects [rdi + disp8], 04 is the disp8 (the second 32-bit lane). It appears only for wide-FLIX slots whose normalized opcode word spans two lanes. WORD1 == 0x00000000 is an invariant across all 12569 thunks — the upper lane carries no selector bits; the movl merely clears it (verified with zero exceptions). Narrow / scalar single-lane thunks omit this entirely.
  • C3 is RET. Single-lane thunks are 7 bytes (C7 07 imm32 C3), padded to alignment with a multi-byte NOP (66 0F 1F 84 00 …); 2-lane thunks are 14 bytes.

3.2 Byte-exact samples (re-disassembled this pass)

thunkbytes (literal)word0word1lanes
Opcode_addi_Slot_n0_s0_ldst_encode (0x3389b0)c7 07 00 00 24 00 c30x002400001
Opcode_xor_Slot_inst_encode (0x33a000)c7 07 00 00 30 00 c30x003000001
Opcode_excw_Slot_inst_encode (0x338610)c7 07 80 20 00 00 c30x000020801
Opcode_rsr_sar_Slot_inst_encode (0x33cca0)c7 07 00 03 03 00 c30x000303001
Opcode_wur_fsr_Slot_inst_encode (0x341110)c7 07 00 e9 f3 00 c30x00f3e9001
Opcode_mov_n_Slot_f0_s3_alu_encode (0x3386b0)c7 07 00 d8 98 64 c7 47 04 00 00 00 00 c30x6498d8000x000000002
Opcode_ivp_addnx16_Slot_f0_s3_alu_encode (0x343b60)c7 07 00 00 b5 80 c7 47 04 00 00 00 00 c30x80b500000x000000002
Opcode_nop_Slot_n0_s1_none_encode (0x33b8c0)c7 07 00 00 00 00 c30x000000001

All eight reproduce byte-exact. ivp_addnx16's F0_S3_ALU template 0x80b50000 matches its B01 roster row to the digit; wur.fsr's 0x00f3e900 = WUR_base(0x00f30000) | (UR=0xe9)<<8 matches the partition page §8.

QUIRK — the upper lane (word1) is always 0x00000000. Across all 12569 thunks, every 2-lane (wide-FLIX) thunk clears the second 32-bit lane and writes zero selector bits there. A reimplemented encoder that emits a wide slot must zero lane 1 before depositing operand bits — the template contributes nothing there. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

QUIRK — the same mnemonic has a different template in every slot it can occupy. addi's template is 0x00240000 in N0_S0_LdSt (above), 0x131c0000 in F1_S0_LdStALU, and 0x0000000b is addi.n's in Inst16a — each slot owns a different bit window of the bundle. The 12569 thunks are the full legal (mnemonic × slot) matrix. The roster row in §4.3 lists a representative slot's word0; the per-instruction reference batches expand the full set.

3.3 The symbol-mangling rule (opcodedefs[] row ↔ symtab)

Opcode_<mnem>_Slot_<slot>_encode, where both transforms are required and the mangling is injective:

  1. every . in the mnemonic → _ : add.nadd_n, wur.fsrwur_fsr, rsr.sarrsr_sar.
  2. the slot token is lowercased : Instinst, F2_S0_LdStf2_s0_ldst, N0_S0_LdStn0_s0_ldst.

Resolve a codec by the mangled symbol or by following opcodedefs[i].encode_fn (table field +0x10, stride 24) — both reach the same address. opcodedefs[0] (file 0x4e9640) = {opcode="excw", slot="Inst", encode_fn=0x338610}. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

3.4 The four-layer codec the thunk sits in

The encode thunk is only the opcode-selector layer. A full assemble walks four layers (full ABI on the table-schema page §5):

opcode-selector : Opcode_<mnem>_Slot_<slot>_encode   (this thunk — lays the fixed opcode bits)
operand value   : OperandSem_…_encode/_decode + _ator/_rtoa  (value ↔ field, ± PC reloc; 95 decoders)
bit-field       : Field_<f>_Slot_<s>_get/_set        (the field's bits in the 32-bit slot word; 3230 pairs)
slot scatter    : Slot_<…>_get/_set                  (the slot word ↔ the 128/64-bit bundle; 46)

The selector bits (encode) and operand bits (Field_*_set) are disjoint within the slot word — operand bits ≥ 4, selector bits 0–3 are the op0 nibble — which is why encode/decode are exact mutual inverses.


4. The master per-mnemonic encoding matrix

The full per-mnemonic encoding row is mnemonic | format | slot | unit | iclass | opcode-selector CONST | template immediate. Because one mnemonic is legal in a median of ~8.2 slots (12569 placements / 1534 mnemonics; nop alone in 44, 1178 mnemonics in ≥ 2), a literal 12569-row dump is impractical and would duplicate the per-instruction reference. This appendix instead gives:

  • §4.1 — the complete per-slot placement census (the 12569 broken into the 46 slots, byte-exact, summing with zero slack), the canonical group decomposition.
  • §4.2 — the complete per-package mnemonic census (the 1534 broken into 28 packages, byte-exact, summing with zero slack), the canonical roster decomposition.
  • §4.3 — a representative-but-systematic sweep that exhibits one byte-grounded encoding row for every (format, slot, unit) combination — so the row schema is demonstrated across the entire grid, not just one corner.
  • §6 — the batch index mapping each of the 30 per-instruction reference batches to its format/slot/iclass region, so a lookup resolves from a mnemonic to the batch that holds its full expansion.

4.1 The per-slot placement census (the 12569, grouped by slot — byte-exact)

Re-counted this pass by grouping all Opcode_*_Slot_<slot>_encode symbols (nm libisa-core.so | rg -o 'Opcode_.+_Slot_([a-z0-9_]+)_encode' | sort | uniq -c). Every slot hosts ≥ 1 opcode; the 46 per-slot counts total 12569 with zero slack.

formatper-slot placement countsΣ
F0S0_LdSt 348 · S1_Ld 260 · S2_Mul 322 · S3_ALU 5641494
F1S0_LdStALU 542 · S1_Ld 260 · S2_Mul 449 · S3_ALU 5581809
F2S0_LdSt 213 · S1_Ld 257 · S2_Mul 535 · S3_ALU 5441549
F3S0_LdSt 342 · S1_Ld 256 · S2_Mul 244 · S3_ALU 503 · S4_ALU 911436
F4S0_Ld 192 · S1_Ld 249 · S2_Mul 61 · S3_ALU 251753
F6S0_LdSt 329 · S1_Ld 266 · S2_Mul 203 · S3_ALU 2471045
F7S0_LdSt 348 · S1_Ld 257 · S2_Mul 521 · S3_ALU 5481674
F11S0_Ld 93 · S1_ALU 66 · S2_Mul 203 · S3_ALU 233 · S4_ALU 91686
N0S0_LdSt 167 · S1_None 1 · S2_None 1 · S3_ALU 483652
N1S0_LdSt 176 · S1_None 1 · S2_Mul 381558
N2S0_LdSt 360 · S1_Ld 220580
scalarx24 Inst 319 · x16a Inst16a 4 · x16b Inst16b 10333
TOTAL12569

The three None slots (N0_S1, N0_S2, N1_S1) host exactly one opcode — nop — they are NOP-only filler, not real issue units. The four Inst16a placements are exactly {add.n, addi.n, l32i.n, s32i.n}; the ten Inst16b are {beqz.n, bnez.n, break.n, halt.n, ill.n, movi.n, mov.n, nop.n, ret.n, retw.n}. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

NOTE — reading this census as the "unit" axis. The per-slot counts above are the placement grouping the appendix row's slot/unit columns index. A mnemonic's full set of placements is the set of slots in this table where it appears; the per-instruction reference batches enumerate exactly which mnemonics populate each slot. Use this census as the denominator any batch's placement tally must roll into (Σ p_i = 12569, no cross-pair with 12642).

4.2 The per-package mnemonic census (the 1534, grouped by package — byte-exact)

Parsed this pass directly from opcodes[i].package (table +0x08, stride 72, all 1534 rows; .data.rel.ro file = VMA − 0x200000). 28 distinct packages, summing to exactly 1534. This is the roster axis the appendix row's mnemonic/iclass columns draw from.

packagenpackagenpackagen
xt_ivp321072xt_density11xt_externalregisters5
xt_core131xt_mmu10xt_integerdivide4
xt_ivpn_scalarfp102xt_virtualops10xt_instram3
xt_exception_dispatch37xt_misc8xt_dataram3
xt_debug33xt_instcache7xt_prefetch3
xt_wide_branch24xt_branchprediction7xt_coprocessors3
xt_booleans16xt_mul5xt_wide_loop3
xt_regwin14xt_sync5xt_exceptions2
xt_timer12xt_halt2
xt_interrupt1
xt_trace1

Total = 1534 (re-summed this pass). The name-prefix split is 469 / 1065 (non-ivp_ / ivp_); the package split puts 1072 in xt_ivp32. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

CORRECTION — package == xt_ivp32 (1072) is NOT the same predicate as name starts ivp_ (1065). The 7 ops in xt_ivp32 lacking the ivp_ prefix are exactly {mulsone.h, mulsone.s, recipqli.s, rur.fcr, rur.fsr, wur.fcr, wur.fsr} (re-confirmed by direct byte-parse this pass). The scalar-FP .h/.s ops are package xt_ivpn_scalarfp (102), scalar by name, counting toward the 469 scalar total. Both axes are correct; never conflate them.

4.3 The representative-but-systematic encoding sweep — one row per (format, slot, unit)

This sweep exhibits the master row schema for every distinct (format, slot, unit) combination in the 46-slot grid — so the schema is demonstrated across the entire grid, with each template immediate byte-disassembled this pass. The opcode-selector CONST and template immediate columns are the same value (the WORD0 the C7 07 imm32 lays); they are listed separately to mirror the master row schema (CONST = the selector's logical role, immediate = its literal WORD0). Escape note: a literal | inside a cell is written \|.

mnemonicformatslotuniticlass (pkg)opcode-selector CONSTtemplate imm (WORD0)
excwx24Instwholext_coreInst literal Xtensa word0x00002080
xorx24Instwholext_coreRRR op2=xor0x00300000
rsr.sarx24Instwholext_coreRSR | SAR<<80x00030300
wur.fsrx24Instwholext_ivp32WUR | FSR(0xe9)<<80x00f3e900
addi.nx16aInst16awholext_densitydensity addi.n0x0000000b
add.nx16aInst16awholext_densitydensity add.n(census: 4 ops)
mov.nx16bInst16bwholext_densitydensity mov.n0x0000000d
absF0F0_S0_LdStldstxt_coreF0 ldst-slot pack0x10dd8003
absF0F0_S1_Ldldxt_coreF0 ld-slot pack0x0060200a
ivp_mulnx16F0F0_S2_Mulmulxt_ivp32F0 mul-slot pack0x01003040
ivp_addnx16F0F0_S3_ALUaluxt_ivp32F0 alu-slot pack0x80b50000
addiF1F1_S0_LdStALUldstaluxt_coreF1 fused ldst+alu0x131c0000
ivp_addnx16F1F1_S2_Mulmulxt_ivp32F1 mul-slot pack0x00021800
ivp_oeqn_2xf32F1F1_S3_ALUaluxt_ivp32F1 fp-cmp eq pack0x2705c800
ivp_olen_2xf32F1F1_S3_ALUaluxt_ivp32F1 fp-cmp le pack0x2706c800
nopF3F3_S4_ALUaluxt_coreF3 5th-ALU NOP(census: 91 ops)
absF4F4_S0_Ldldxt_coreF4 dual-load slot0x1061a000
nopF11F11_S0_Ldldxt_coreF11 ld-slot NOP0x1038c303
nopN0N0_S1_Nonenonext_coreNone-filler NOP0x00000000
nopN2N2_S1_Ldldxt_coreN2 ld-slot NOP0x00298904

Every template imm above was disassembled from the named Opcode_*_encode thunk this pass. Rows marked (census: …) exist in the placement census (§4.1) but are cited there rather than re-disassembled inline. abs (a base scalar op) is not legal in the vector-only *_S3_ALU/*_S2_Mul slots (those carry only ivp_* ops), which is why the F0 ALU/Mul rows use ivp_addnx16/ivp_mulnx16 and the scalar-slot rows use abs. This demonstrates the per-opcode slot-legality the matrix encodes: a slot's roster is opcode-typed, not universal. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

NOTE — F4/F6 interiors are [MED/INFERRED]. No shipped object emits an F4/F6 bundle, so per-slot operand bit-exactness in those two formats is inferred from the identical decode path rather than oracle-confirmed on a specific bundle. The F4_S0_Ld template above is OBSERVED (the thunk bytes are real); flag any F4/F6 operand interior decode as [MED/INFERRED] unless objdump independently confirms that bundle.


5. Reconciling 12569 vs 12642 (and 1534 vs 1607)

Two distinct numbers, two distinct things — never cross-paired.

   shipped (runtime, libisa-core.so)  :  1534 mnemonics  /  12569 placements
   pre-fold (authoring, TIE-DB)       :  1607 mnemonics  /  12642 placements
   fold delta                         :   −73 mnemonics  /   −73 placements   (lockstep)
  • 12569 = the Opcode_*_Slot_*_encode thunk population in libisa-core.so = num_encode_fns immediate 0x3119 = the per-slot census sum (§4.1). This is the shipped runtime placement matrix — the arbiter for anything a reimplementer builds (assembler, disassembler, ISS). [HIGH/OBSERVED]
  • 12642 = the TIE-DB <OPCODEDEF> element count = 12569 + 73 — the pre-fold authoring superset in the standalone TIE database (decoded post_rewrite blob). [HIGH/CARRIED] on the total; [HIGH/OBSERVED] on the +73.

The +73 is 1607 − 1534 and 12642 − 12569 simultaneously, because each folded mnemonic carries exactly one placement in the authoring DB — they are author-time assembler/macro forms with a single canonical encoding that collapses onto an already-shipped opcode before the runtime opcodedefs[] is generated. The fold is lossless at the encoding level (every byte sequence a folded form would emit is still emitted by its base form), which is exactly why 1534/12569 is the right denominator for an encoding-completeness claim.

The fold groups (base forms ship; fold variants are confirmed absent from the roster this pass):

folded groupnwhat they areroster check (this pass)
xt_wide_branch .W18 macros2418-bit wide-branch-offset macro expansions of BEQ/BNE/BLT/…base forms (beq, bnez, …) + their _w15 variants ship; no *_w18 in roster (rg w18 = 0)
xt_virtualops pseudo-ops6ADDI.A.N, CLAMPSF, FFS, POPC, POPCE, SEXTF — pure assembler virtualsffs/popc/clampsf/sextf absent from the 1534 roster (re-checked = 0)
residual authoring forms43the rest of the +73 (.W18/alias/macro across branch-pred / halt / trace / interrupt)the base forms ship; only their alias/wide variants fold

CORRECTION — num_encode_fns reproduces as 12569; the 12642 is NOT in this binary's tables. Re-verified this pass: num_encode_fns @ 0x3b6130 = mov $0x3119,%eax0x3119 = 12569, and nm | rg -c 'Opcode_.*_Slot_.*_encode' = 12569 independently. The 12642 figure is the TIE-DB authoring count, read from the decoded Xtensa.tl/Xtensa.xml, never from libisa-core.so's opcodedefs[]. Pairing 1534 ↔ 12642 or 1607 ↔ 12569 manufactures a ±73 phantom. [HIGH/OBSERVED]

CORRECTION — SortMerge is named-but-never-shipped; it is in NO denominator. A "merge two sorted subtensors" op survives only as a dead comment (// "SortMerge wip 0x97"); it has no opcodes[] row, no encode thunk, no value leaf (rg -ci sortmerge over the roster = 0). It is a fabrication wall, never a row in this appendix. [HIGH/OBSERVED]


6. The batch index — where each mnemonic's full expansion lives

The 1534 mnemonics partition into 30 per-instruction reference batches (the byte-level row expansion this appendix is the lookup for). The partition axis is the libisa mnemonic (not the ~140 firmware NEURON_ISA_TPB_OPCODE values — a different, coarser axis). Top cut: B01–B24 own the 1065 ivp_ vector ops; B25–B30 own the 469 scalar/base-Xtensa ops. Each batch pins its own OBSERVED m (mnemonic count) and p (placement count); the below are partition targets (soft at family boundaries — see the partition page), with the three hard anchors (vector 1065, scalar 469, base-Xtensa 360) [HIGH/OBSERVED].

batchfamilyaxis · package anchordominant slot/unit≈ mnem
B01Vector ALU — int add/sub/min/max/cmp/logicivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S3_ALU (alu)~50
B02Vector ALU — fp16/fp32ivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S3_ALU (alu)~45
B03Vector ALU — B-variant / flag / predicated / abs-diffivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S3_ALU (alu)~70
B04Integer MAC — signed mul*/mula*ivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S2_Mul (mul)~110
B05MAC — mixed-sign / complex / wide-accivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S2_Mul (mul)~95
B06Vector loads + valign primingivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S1_Ld / S0 (ld/ldst)~90
B07Vector storesivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S0_LdSt (ldst)~90
B08Cross-lane reduceivp_ · xt_ivp32*_S3_ALU (alu)~56
B09Vector move / regfile bridgeivp_ · xt_ivp32alu~27
B10wvec pack — wide→narrowivp_ · xt_ivp32mul/alu~42
B11vbool ALU / predicateivp_ · xt_ivp32+xt_booleansalu~40
B12Vector shift / rotate / normalizeivp_ · xt_ivp32alu~24
B13fp32 convertivp_ · xt_ivp32alu/mul~23
B14fp16 transcendental seedsivp_ · xt_ivp32 (LUT)mul~18
B15fp32 transcendental seedsivp_ · xt_ivp32 (LUT)mul~18
B16Vector replicate / extract / injectivp_ · xt_ivp32alu~21
B17fp32 fused multiply-addivp_ · xt_ivp32mul~14
B18fp16 fused multiply-addivp_ · xt_ivp32mul~14
B19SuperGather scatter / gatherivp_ · xt_ivp32 (gvr/b32_pr)ldst~24
B20fp16 convertivp_ · xt_ivp32alu/mul~21
B21Select / shuffle / compressivp_ · xt_ivp32alu~33
B22Unpack / wvec moveivp_ · xt_ivp32mul/alu~24
B23Vector integer divideivp_ · xt_ivp32+xt_integerdividealu~22
B24Histogram / squeeze / QLI + scalar-FP FCR/FSRmixed · xt_ivpn_scalarfp(102)+7 outliersmixed~120
B25base-Xtensa scalar arith / logic / shiftbase · xt_coreInst (whole)~105
B26base-Xtensa ld/st / branch / density / MUL32 / divbase · xt_core+xt_density+xt_mul+xt_integerdivideInst/Inst16a/b~100
B27base-Xtensa system / SR / reg-window / syncbase · xt_core(SR)+xt_regwin+xt_sync+xt_externalregistersInst~75
B28base-Xtensa exc-dispatch / bool / loop / minmaxbase · xt_exception_dispatch(37)+xt_booleans+xt_wide_loopInst~50
B29base-Xtensa debug / timer / cache / MMU / atomicbase · xt_debug(33)+xt_timer+xt_mmu+xt_instcache+…Inst~75
B30Appendix-P pseudo / fence + kernel-lane reconciliationpseudo · xt_virtualops(10)+xt_wide_branch(24) baseInst/Inst16b~35

The roll-up the 30 batches close onto: Σ m = 1534 (1065 vector + 469 scalar), Σ p = 12569 (never 12642), Σ v ≤ 864 value leaves. See the partition page §6. [HIGH/OBSERVED] on the hard anchors and the placement total; [MED/INFERRED] on the per-batch .


7. Adversarial self-verification — the five strongest claims, re-derived this pass

Each re-derived independently from the binary, two ways where possible.

  1. 1534 shipped mnemonics. num_opcodes @ 0x3b61d0 = mov $0x5fe → 1534; independently nm | rg -o 'Opcode_(.+)_Slot_…_encode' | sort -u | wc -l = 1534; the 28-package opcodes[].package byte-parse sums to 1534; ivp_ 1065 + non-ivp_ 469 = 1534. Four witnesses agree. [HIGH/OBSERVED]
  2. 14 formats / 46 slots / 7-length classes. num_formats @ 0x3b65e0 = mov $0xe (14); num_slots @ 0x3b6510 = num_decode_fns @ 0x3b64c0 = mov $0x2e (46); the format slot-count census 1+1+1+4+5+4+4+5+4+4+4+3+2+4 = 46; the length_table[256] value census {3:128,2:96,16:22,8:8,−1:2} = 7 classes / 4 sizes. [HIGH/OBSERVED]
  3. Encode-thunk ABI C7 07 imm32 [C7 47 04 imm32] C3, word1 == 0. Re-disassembled this pass: Opcode_addi_Slot_n0_s0_ldst_encode @ 0x3389b0 = c7 07 00 00 24 00 c3 (1-lane, 0x00240000); Opcode_mov_n_Slot_f0_s3_alu_encode @ 0x3386b0 = c7 07 00 d8 98 64 c7 47 04 00 00 00 00 c3 (2-lane, word0=0x6498d800, word1=0); Opcode_ivp_addnx16_Slot_f0_s3_alu_encode @ 0x343b60 = word0=0x80b50000, word1=0. The word1==0 invariant holds across all 12569 thunks. [HIGH/OBSERVED]
  4. 12569 placements; reconciliation 12569 + 73 = 12642. num_encode_fns @ 0x3b6130 = mov $0x3119 (12569); nm | rg -c 'Opcode_.*_Slot_.*_encode' = 12569; the per-slot census (§4.1) sums to 12569 with zero slack. The pre-fold 12642 = 12569 + 73 and 1607 = 1534 + 73; the +73 fold forms (ffs/popc/clampsf/sextf = 0, *_w18 = 0) are confirmed absent from the roster. The only valid pairings are 1534 ↔ 12569 and 1607 ↔ 12642. [HIGH/OBSERVED] on the runtime count + fold; [HIGH/CARRIED] on the 12642 authoring total.
  5. The 28-package census sums to 1534 (byte-parse, not decompile). Parsing opcodes[i].package (table +0x08, stride 72, .data.rel.ro file = VMA − 0x200000) for all 1534 rows this pass yields 28 distinct packages summing to exactly 1534, byte-identical to the coverage tally §4.1 (xt_ivp32 1072, xt_core 131, xt_ivpn_scalarfp 102, …, xt_trace 1). [HIGH/OBSERVED]

What is NOT OBSERVED at the row level. The per-batch ≈ mnemonics in §6 are partition targets, [MED/INFERRED] at family boundaries — each B-page pins its exact nm-counted m. F4/F6 per-slot operand interiors are [MED/INFERRED] (no shipped object emits those bundles). The decoded slot widths in §2.3 are [MED/INFERRED] (machine-code-emulated, ±1–2 bits on scattered slots). The v5 (Maverick) / v1 (Tonga) generations are header-OBSERVED with INFERRED interiors; the 1534/12569 cover is the gen-invariant Cairo core, so the encoding tally holds across shipped generations, but never fabricate a v5 arch_id byte or v5 image.


8. Symbol & table map

All in libisa-core.so (ncore2gp/config/) unless noted. .text/.rodata: VMA == file. .data.rel.ro/.data: file = VMA − 0x200000.

Symbol / tableAddress (VMA)Role
num_opcodes0x3b61d0mov $0x5fe → 1534 mnemonics
num_encode_fns0x3b6130mov $0x3119 → 12569 placements
num_formats / num_slots / num_decode_fns0x3b65e0 / 0x3b6510 / 0x3b64c014 / 46 / 46
num_iclasses / num_operands / num_fields0x3b5fb0 / 0x3b5e80 / 0x3b5b401447 / 232 / 3237
num_regfiles / num_regfile_views0x3b5c20 / 0x3b5d508 / 4
interface_version0x3b5b200x76 = 118
formats[]0x6cd980 (.data.rel.ro)14 × {name,length,encode}, stride 24 (§2.1)
slots[]0x6cdb00 (.data.rel.ro)46 × {name,format,nop,position,get,set}, stride 48 (§2.3)
opcodes[]0x6ce6c0 (.data.rel.ro)1534 × {name,package,iclass,flags,…}, stride 72 (§4.2)
opcodedefs[]0x6e9640 (.data.rel.ro)12569 × {opcode,slot,encode_fn}, stride 24 (§3, §4.1)
decodes[]0x6ce3c0 (.data.rel.ro)46 × {slot,decode_fn}, stride 16
length_table0x3d4100 (.rodata)256 × int32, byte3/byte0 → length (§2.2)
format_decoder / length_decoder0x3b5970 / 0x3b5a50the two hardcoded decode entry points
Opcode_addi_Slot_n0_s0_ldst_encode0x3389b0addi template 0x00240000 (§3.2)
Opcode_mov_n_Slot_f0_s3_alu_encode0x3386b02-lane thunk, word1 = 0 (§3.2)
Opcode_wur_fsr_Slot_inst_encode0x341110template 0x00f3e900 (WUR|FSR<<8) (§3.2)
Opcode_excw_Slot_inst_encode0x338610opcodedefs[0] template 0x00002080 (§3.3)
module__xdref_*(libfiss-base.so)864 value leaves — the proven-by-execution semantics

9. Cross-references


Provenance: every count, address, immediate, and template byte is [HIGH/OBSERVED] — read this pass from the count-accessor immediates (objdump -d), the nm symbol-family populations, the opcodes[]/opcodedefs[] raw byte-parse (.data.rel.ro file = VMA − 0x200000), and the literal encode-thunk bytes of the shipped libisa-core.so (sha256 8fe68bf4…f143e451). The 12642/1607 authoring totals are [HIGH/CARRIED] from the decoded TIE-DB; F4/F6 operand interiors, the decoded slot widths, and the per-batch targets are [MED/INFERRED] as flagged. All facts read as derived from shipped-artifact static analysis (lawful interoperability RE).